Sustainable Guest And Host Phenomenon In Hospitality Tourism Essay Example

Sustainable Guest And Host Phenomenon In Hospitality Tourism Essay The undermentioned essay will discourse the controversial relationship between clean H2O and worlds. Furthermore, it will lucubrate on the sustainable cordial reception experience between the H2O compound and worlds, placing who and why Acts of the Apostless as the host and who as the invitee in this alone affair. Introduction Demand for fresh H2O is increasing with every passing twenty-four hours and the H2O degrees across the Earth are coming down and there are marks of emphasis on all H2O resources. Water is one of our most valuable and cherished resources. Without it, we would decease. Learn the importance of a clean and healthy environment in the touristry industry and the effects of touristry on our physical environment. Any tourer attractive forces near to H2O will go contaminated with mundane waste such as plastic bottles, tins, serviettes, fictile negligees, etc. Tourist installations besides tend to blow H2O with both staff and invitees overdriving the H2O supply. Tourism and the environment both have a acute involvement in H2O. The H2O and touristry issue is non merely a affair of the H2O ingestion of nightlong hotel corsets and tourer installations. Water is besides a critical touristry resource upon which the attraction of a finish. Clean H2O contributes to the diversion and touristry industry worldwide by stressing beautiful beaches, white-water rivers, mountain lakes, and aquatic ecosystems such as coral reefs. Water has a powerful attractive force for people. When people decide to be after holidaies and travel for diversion, direction, and pleasance, many have a strong sensitivity to head to the H2O. ( Gleik, P.H and all 2002 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Guest And Host Phenomenon In Hospitality Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Guest And Host Phenomenon In Hospitality Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Guest And Host Phenomenon In Hospitality Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hospitality has appeared to the readers and research workers in legion ways and signifiers. There are continuously new theories and comparings of the invitee and host relationship within the construct of cordial reception being written and spoken of. Extensive inventive and advanced relationships have been found to the cordial reception industry, throughout history it is vividly highlighted in assorted literature plants ( OGorman, 2006 ) , for case Homer often speaks about cordial reception in his work ( OGorman A ; Brooks, 2007 ) . Furthermore, OGorman and Brooks ( 2007 ) explain a recent illustration of a literature publication ; the Harry Potter aggregation, where hospitality permeates all the seven books to the extent that it about goes unnoticed . The invitee and host relationship has elaborated on to the extremes of unconditional cordial reception ( Derrida, 2000 ) , where the host gives everything and requires nil in return. Furthermore, it has been argued by Tefler ( 2000 ) that there is no unconditioned cordial reception, and discussed the motive behind cordial reception. Ritzer ( 2007 ) portrays cordial reception to be losing hospitableness and inquiries what will go on to the industry if its chief thought of cordial reception would be lost. The purpose of this paper is to research the phenomenon of cordial reception further, concentrating peculiarly on detecting a fresh invitee and host relationship construct ; exemplifying the direct cordial reception relationship between H2O and the human freedom experience. Primarily it will explicate what both worlds and the H2O compound have to offer each other in the instance of hospitableness. Further, it will explicate why H2O can be related to the topic within the cordial reception industry. Main organic structure Is there such thing as cordial reception between the human existences and H2O? Indeed there is nevertheless it has non been referred to in the context of a cordial reception relationship. Numerous studies and articles have been published by the United Nations Development Programme concentrating on the Human Development Reports refering H2O and its cleanliness. Further, they are increasing worlds consciousness that water is a shared duty ( United Nations Development Programme, 2006 ) , therefore informing people to increase and better their cordial reception towards H2O. The United Nations Human Development Programme is invariably bring forthing and developing programmes in action and in composing to increase the consciousness of worlds about clean H2O and how of import it is to continue it. Data collected by frogmans during International Cleanup Day is reported in the Ocean Conservancy s Marine Debris Index showing informations collected and tallied by voluntaries worldwide. Underw ater information is besides used in a particular study on Marine litter by the United Nations Environment Program, called Marine Litter: A Global Challenge , ( Keo, 2009 ) . Human development is first and foremost about leting people to take a life that they value and enabling them to recognize their possible as human existences ( DerviAY , 2006 ) . Furthermore, the United Nations find it of import to emphasize and convey it to public attending that clean H2O is scarce and should be looked after every bit good as protected and treated with regard. Over the past old ages they have created ends over and over once more to distribute the consciousness to as many people as possible, for case the Millennium Development Goals ( Watkins, 2006 ) . In add-on, literature authors mention hapless sanitation as a discourtesy to the human right for clean H2O, Victor Hugo ( 1862 ) in his celebrated novel Les Miserables wrote, the cloaca is the scruples of the metropolis . Furthermore, to foregr ound the importance of the touchable being of H2O as a demand for life among all populating things in the universe, the United Nations Human Development Programme explains its scarceness and true value, dire warnings have been posted indicating to the glooming arithmetic of lifting population and worsening H2O handiness. Is the universe running out of H2O? ( DerviAY , 2006 ) , irrespective of the fact that the Human Development programme dressed ores extremely on the fact that H2O is non distributed every bit in the universe and that the 3rd universe states suffer more because of the hapless sanitation, this issue affects all the people around the Earth, due to their irresponsibleness and carelessness towards the critical compound. Viewed at a planetary degree, there is more than adequate H2O to travel about and run into all of humanity s demands. So why is H2O scarceness a job? Partially because H2O, like wealth, is unevenly distributed between and within states, ( Watkins, 200 6 ) , so does this mean that H2O is bit by bit going more of import that oil? To go on, many faiths, civilizations and folks acknowledge H2O as a critical constituent for the lives of every populating thing on this planet, By means of H2O , says the Koran, we give life to everything. That simple instruction captures a deeper wisdom. Peoples need H2O every bit certainly as they need O: without it life could non be, reported by DerviAY ( 2006 ) in the Human Development Report. Ancient Egypt, Greek mythology refers to H2O as the component of life. However, if viewed from a different position, it may be argued that H2O takes a terrible toll in people itself ; as a message from God to penalize the worlds for their irresponsibleness, the great inundation that merely saved the necessary life animate beings and people to go on the race, I am traveling to convey floodwaters on the Earth to destruct all life under the celestial spheres, every animal that has the breath of life in it. Everything on Earth will die , ( Bible, Genesis 6:17, 1984 ) . Additionally, more r ecent natural catastrophes affecting H2O may be related to which wiped out big figure of people. Examples would include Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans on August 23rd, 2005 and the Tsunami that struck the touristry country of Thailand on 26th December, 2004. This may be referred to as the natural compound: H2O taking its retaliation on worlds ( planetary heating? ) in order to learn them a lesson and do them understand how of import their relationship with one another is and that one can profit greatly from the other. Knowledge is power, ( Bacon, 1567 ) nevertheless, even though necessary information on how to contend H2O catastrophes is available and circulated by organisations such as the authorities and the United Nations ; there is still deficiency of cognition and power about why these inundations and H2O related catastrophes occur. Therefore, despite the fact that there is a huge sum of information on what are hospitality and its dealingss, it is yet still deficient to find its precise relation to certain features of people and things, such as H2O. Apnea is a interlingual rendition from Ancient Greek that means without take a breathing , it is therefore apparent that free-diving is an ancient construct of the cordial reception relationship between worlds and H2O that is being researched in this paper. The oldest archeological findings that confirm plunging are dated back to 7000 10000 B.C. At the seashore of Baltic Sea there was a colony called the shellfish feeders and are thought to be the first civilisation to free-dive , ( AIDA, 2007 ) . Hospitality gathers together a broad scope of things, when looking at the relationship of the worlds and H2O, infinite resemblance may be found with the ordinary apprehension of cordial reception, nevertheless in a more typical manner picturing the positive and negative facets of the industry. Free-diving offers a new alone experience to the human organic structure and head. Scuba-diving offers the invitees: humans the chances non merely to comprehend the universe they are sing but of fer the chance to convey something back: cognition and experience something novel: freedom and lightness. Furthermore, H2O provides an abundant supply of occupations for people willing every bit good as qualified to work straight or indirectly with H2O, water-people advertises and invariably recruits persons interested in such employment. Finally, worlds covering with water straight or indirectly do offer something in return ; saving and grasp of the underwater universe which covers most of this planet. Many people perceive themselves as invitees and act non merely responsibly but besides show respect by forming cleaning undertakings and under H2O consciousness plans. Last twelvemonth 390,881 voluntaries from 110 states participated in Project AWARE s International Cleanup Day. For the more than a decennary PAF has teamed up with PADI frogmans ( Professional Association of Dive Instructors ) and the Ocean Conservancy to form a planetary International Cleanup Day of the universe s oceans and shorelines , ( Keo, 2009 ) . PADI is non merely an organisation which receives big net incomes for supplying submerged amusement and preparation for interested persons but besides is extremely involved in supplying businesss and in continuing the environment they are utilizing to research, learn and work in. The mission statement ; project AWARE Foundation conserves submerged environments through instruction, protagonism and action ( undertaking AWARE, 1992 ) has been runing for many old ages as portion of PADI, and is now presently running as a exclusive non-profit organisation, working on educating people how to continue the submerged environment every bit good as invariably advancement and take action in following their mission statement. It is of import component of instruction harmonizing Wood ( 2000 ) aqualung drivers and snorkelers are damaging coral reefs through repeated inordinate contact, every bit good as the locals who remove the corals to sell it as tourer keepsakes in a despairing effort to get away the utmost poorness accentuated by the tourer trade. With reassurance that H2O is H2O and it is something we come across in our day-to-day lives as we know it ; intending that it is something we swim in, something we drink every bit good as it is something that falls from the sky. These significances and understanding are developed socially and experientially. Therefore, when looking at the United Nations Human Development studies about their H2O conserving programme it is easy to understand the importance of their concerns and actions. Due to the fact that the bulk of the people are brought up with the apprehensions that clean H2O is indispensable for their being. Furthermore, PADI is an organisation which offers the obvious to its clients and the outside populace, submerged saving and cleansing. The grounds they keep posting this information is to remind worlds about these issues and their significance ; therefore foregrounding the ways a invitee should move in relationship to the host. This attack explains that who we are and how we understand the universe and what it provides is how we understand ourselves, others and the universe. This is important, in order to demo that if a individual is non responsible and is brought up in a hapless environment they will non believe twice about the saving of the submerged universe and frailty versa. Additionally, this has a direct relationship to clean sanitation ; if 3rd universe states people have a deficiency of clean H2O they will non see continuing it, since they are in despairing demand of it. Therefore, the invitee and host relationship between H2O and the human experience with the compound is comparative to the upbringing, personal perceptual experiences and apprehension of the person. This may be reversed to demo H2O as the invitee in our human universe ; nevertheless it will non be accurate, due to the fact that H2O is what it is and can non be anything else. It a touchable compound which provides to the host itself as a acquisition environment, in order for the worlds ( hosts ) to larn on how to populate with it and how to accommodate to it. Water can non be anything else other than what it is, it has no witting as the human existences, and therefore it is difficult to presume that the compound can be a invitee. Decision or Hospitality and Water In decision, it may be said with certainty that H2O Acts of the Apostless as a host in this cordial reception relationship. Furthermore, the textual analysis show that H2O is a strongly generous compound that has plentifulness to offer to the worlds around the universe. Doctors use H2O to assistance people with back jobs, Marine life scientists use H2O for educational intents every bit good as do plunging partisans, to boot H2O offers employment and energy commissariats, such as electricity. Due to most of the planet being covered by H2O, fresh and salty, deep and shallow, the instruction that the compound provides is greater than we think. Legends have been created, such as the Loch Ness Monster, and legion fabulous fables about Poseidon have been written, even by the greatest author in our history, like Homer. Showing touristry dependant of H2O. A big figure of tourers has frequently had negative effects for the sustainable usage of the available resources, which in bend has had an consequence on the unity of the ecosystems. In the popular tourer s finishs in developing counties the local populations are already sing H2O shortages on a day-to-day footing. In the hereafter, if the expected addition in tourer Numberss occurs, the force per unit area on the aquifer will correspondingly addition. It could be average that the touristry in the most finishs becomes unsustainable, which could hold an inauspicious consequence on the national economic system and besides on the local population and environment. Water is a strong and critical compound which has direct influence over people s lives. Free diving and scuba diving may be considered unsafe and utmost out-of-door H2O athleticss, nevertheless, the primary thing that teachers of these subjects say, if moving harmonizing to the regulations and ordinances written in educational publications every bit good as if demoing regard towards the universe below sea degree and recognizing that you are merely a invitee who uses the chance to see and larn something distinctively original ; the H2O will open its doors and act as a sort host. However, it is indispensable to maintain in head that like animate being, H2O can be unpredictable and accidents may happen. Mother Nature is mature and unprompted, if a natural catastrophe work stoppages or something that can non be influenced happens, merely like within any other invitee and host relationship, things do non ever travel as planned and may non be smooth ; worlds have to understand that it is l ike holding an unpleasant repast experience in a eating house, it is non knowing and it may non of happened on intent. Bad things happen to good people and that is a fact to be taken into consideration, H2O should non be blamed, but it should instead be perceived as a warning that it is non a compound to play with or disrespect. The negative impacts of touristry development can bit by bit destruct the environmental resources on which it depends. On the other manus, touristry has the possible to make good effects on the environment by lending to environmental protection and preservation. Turning of worlds demand on the universe s handiness fresh water supplies go oning. In the effort to pull off H2O to run into human demands, the demands of fresh water species and ecosystems have mostly been abandoned, and the ecological effects have been ruinous. Healthy fresh water ecosystems provide a wealth of goods and services for civilisation, but our business of fresh water flows must be bett er managed to run intoing the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their demands Brundtland ( 1987 ) To sum up, H2O as a host in the cordial reception relationship teaches us to be patient and passionate every bit good as a generous and sort host. In add-on, due to its olympian beauty and power over the invitee it shows clemency every bit good as genuinely echt cordial reception qualities. However, it may non be called unconditioned cordial reception ( Derrida, 2000 ) , since in return H2O expects the worlds to handle it with expected regard and self-respect. Therefore, following Ritzer s ( 2007 ) sentiment that cordial reception is vanishing may be argued, since there is a echt invitee and host relationship ; as Tefler ( 2000 ) explains, a invitee expects something in return, even if it is intangible, which is the instance in this cordial reception relationship. Overall, H2O Acts of the Apostless as a lector demoing the professionals within the cordial reception industry how to better and be a better host, in order to do the experience a more positive 1. It does this by offering it s hoarded wealth and unexpected wow factors underwater every bit good as an unpredictable environment every clip ; invention and alteration is the manner frontward in doing the experience one of its sort and therefore more floating and satisfying.

All About Homeschool Support Groups

All About Homeschool Support Groups Homeschooling can feel isolating for children and parents alike. It’s so different from what most people are doing and its not uncommon to be the only homeschooling family  in your church or neighborhood or among your extended family. Taking full responsibility for your child’s education sometimes feels overwhelming. Add to that all the friends, relatives, and complete strangers insisting that your child is going to be a lonely social outcast, and you may start to wonder if you really can homeschool your child. That’s when you need a homeschool support group – but if you’re new to homeschooling, you may not have a clue how to go about finding one. First, it helps to make sure that you know what you’re looking for. Many new homeschooling families confuse support groups and co-ops. A support group is, as the name suggests, a group where parents can find support and encouragement from others in similar circumstances. Most support groups offer activities such as field trips, social gatherings, and meetings for parents. A homeschool co-op is a group of parents cooperatively educating their children through group classes. Although youll encounter other homeschooling families and can likely find support, the primary focus is on academic or elective classes for students. Some homeschool support groups do offer co-op classes, but the terms aren’t interchangeable. How to Find a Homeschool Support Group If you’re new to homeschooling or have moved to a new area, try these tips for  locating a homeschool support group: Ask Around One of the easiest ways to find a homeschool support group is to ask. If you know other homeschooling families, most will be happy to point you in the direction of local support groups, even if they’re not part of an organized group themselves. If you don’t know any other homeschooling families, ask at places that homeschooling families are likely to frequent, such as the library or used book store. Even if your friends and relatives dont homeschool, they may know families who do. When my family began homeschooling, a friend whose children attended public school gave me the contact information for two homeschooling families she knew. They were happy to answer my questions even though we didn’t know each other personally. Take to Social Media The prevalence of social media in today’s society makes it an excellent source for connecting with other homeschoolers. There are no fewer than a dozen Facebook groups related to homeschooling in my local circles alone. Search Facebook using your city’s name and â€Å"homeschool.† You can also ask on the pages and groups you’re already involved in. If you follow a homeschool curriculum vendors page, for example, you can usually post on their page asking if there are homeschooling families near you. While not as common as they used to be, many homeschool-related websites still offer member forums. Check them to see if they offer listings for support groups or post a message asking about groups near you. Search Online The Internet is a wealth of information. One excellent resource is the Homeschool Legal Defense page. They maintain a list of homeschool support groups by state, which are then broken down by county. You can also check your statewide homeschool group’s page. You should be able to find it listed on the HSLDA site. If you cant, try  using  your favorite search engine. Just type in your state’s name and â€Å"homeschool support† or â€Å"homeschool support groups.† You may also try searching by your county or city name and the keywords homeschool and support. How to Start Your Own Homeschool Support Group Sometimes, despite your best efforts, you can’t find a homeschool support group. You may live in a rural area without many homeschooling families. Alternately, you may live in an area with many groups, but none which are a good fit. If you’re a secular family, you may not fit in with the religious groups or vice versa. And, as unfortunate as it is, homeschooling families are not above forming cliques, which can be off-putting to new families. If you’re unable to locate a homeschool group, consider starting one of your own That’s what some friends and I did in our early years of homeschooling. That group is where my children and I formed some of our closest friendships that are still strong today. Try these tips for starting your own support group: Decide on the Type of Support Group What type of support group would you like to form? Secular,  faith-based, or inclusive of both? Formal or informal? Online or in-person? The group my friends and I started was an informal, online group. We didn’t have officers or regular meetings. Our communication was primarily through an email group. We did arrange a monthly mom’s night out and hosted  back-to-school and year-end parties. Our field trips were planned and organized by group members. If one mom wanted to plan a trip for her family and work out the details to include other group members, that’s what she did. We offered tips to make planning less stressful, but we didn’t have a designated coordinator. You may want a more formal, organized group with regular monthly meetings and elected officers. Consider the details of your ideal homeschool support group. Then, seek out one or two like-minded individuals to help you get it started. Consider the Type of Events You’ll Offer Most homeschool support groups, whether formal or informal, will plan some sort of events for member families. Think about the type of events your group  might offer. Perhaps you’d like to develop a group whose focus is field trips and family-friendly activities or one that hosts speakers and professional development opportunities for homeschooling parents. You may want to offer social events for the children or even a co-op. You might consider activities such as: Holiday parties such as Valentine’s, Christmas, or HalloweenBack-to-school or year-end partiesPlaygroups and park daysMiddle school and high school social events (dances, bowling, or bonfires)Science, geography, or other themed fairsClubs such as book, Lego, or chessPhysical educationSports opportunities  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ either organized or field-day events Decide Where You’ll Meet If you’ll be hosting in-person support group meetings, consider where you’ll meet. If you’ve got a small group, you may be able to host meetings at members’ homes. Larger groups might consider library meeting rooms, community facilities, restaurant meeting rooms, park pavilions,  or churches. Consider the factors that  may influence where you meet. For example: Will you serve refreshments? If so, what does the facility allow outside food and drinks?Will you offer childcare? If so, is there a place where children can safely play?Will you have guest speakers or will you address the group formally? If so, choose a facility where members can be seated and everyone can see and hear the speaker. Advertise Your Group Once you’ve worked out the logistics of your new homeschool support group, you’ll need to let other families know you exist. Our group placed an advertisement in the support group section of our local homeschool newsletter. You might also: Post a notice on the bulletin board at your local library, used book store, or teacher supply storeShare details in your church bulletin or neighborhood and civic group  newslettersSet up a booth or print brochures for local homeschool conventions and used book salesShare your brochure or a simple flyer with moms groups such as Mommy and Me gym classes, MOPS groups, or La Leche LeagueList your group on websites that offer information about support groups Most importantly, talk to other homeschooling families as much as possible. Word-of-mouth advertising in the homeschooling community is second to none. Most homeschooling parents will find that they benefit from the encouragement of a homeschool support group, particularly on the days when homeschooling is hard. Use these tips to find the right group for you and your family - even if that group starts with you and a couple of friends.

First case study assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

First assignment - Case Study Example the purpose of this brief analysis is to briefly discuss the seduction theory, analyze its contents, and seek to infer a rational for why Sigmund Freud chose to abandon such a theory only one year after mentioning the high probability of its existence. As a way to do this, the author will examine Freud’s own admissions with regards to the lack of therapeutic success, unlikely number of sexual deviants in the Vienna population, the nature of unconsciousness, and the Oedipus Complex. Firstly, with regards to the Seduction Theory, this was ultimately a theory put forward by Sigmund Freud around the year 1895-1896 in which he sought to link the prevalence of hysteria and obsessional neurosis to repressed memories of childhood sexual assault. In the theory, the repressed sexual assault was ultimately internalized and manifests itself as a function of a type of neurosis or other form of mental issue. Naturally, within the constructs of the times and within the scientific body of knowledge, Freud published a paper on the topic in 1896 and prior to this performed a long set of clinical trials in which he was able to elicit confessions of repressed sexual abuse upon his patients, generally taking place before the age of 4 years; i.e. in infancy. However, for one reason or another, Freud soon abandoned this theory as he evidently thought it to be ultimately untenable within the realm of extant science and experience he had witnessed (Blum 2008). Although many of Freud never detailed the reasons for why he chose to distance himself from the Seduction Theory, one can infer a great deal based upon his 1897 letter to Wilhelm Fliess. Within this personal correspondence, the four factors which were listed in the introduction of this analysis with regards to why Freud may have ultimately chosen to abandon the theory are iterated. Firstly within the letter Freud complained of the â€Å"inability to bring a single analysis to a real conclusion† (Freud 1985). This of course

Method of Enquairy 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Method of Enquairy 2 - Essay Example This means that customers are getting better services over the past five years (Wichita State University, 2009). Earlier airlines were not for common people as it was the symbol of luxury and class. But today, it is accessible to the common people due to the arrival of low cost airline. Moreover globalization results to increase in number of airline passengers as more number of countries is developing at high rate. Most of the airlines are focusing on this growing trend of airline travelers and in order to capture the growing market they are coming with different innovative schemes and offers (FRBSF Economic Letter, 2002). Generally there are two classifications of airlines customers. One is economy class and the other is business class. But this classification is no more applicable as nature of customers is getting more and more complex with the increase in the total number of customers due to various socio economical changes. As a result identifying and understanding customers’ needs and demands are the biggest challenges that the airline industry is facing today. Today customers want more value for their money. But different customers want this in different way. A person who is travelling once or twice a year, his/her expectation from the airline would differ from a person who is frequent traveler by air. Airline companies need to have clear understanding of this differing nature of expectation of the customers so that they can provide the right service at the right time. There are various factors on the basis of which customers can be segregated. These factors include demography, economy, s ociety, culture, geography etc. Companies can have clear idea regarding the customers’ needs and wants on the basis of these factors. Analysis of these factors would help companies in adopting their future strategies. According to the recent data published by American Customer Satisfaction Index, satisfaction level of

Financial Reporting and Analysis Literature review

Financial Reporting and Analysis - Literature review Example The company should try to increase this net profit in the future as it has fallen below the industry’s operating profit margin of 19%. Return on capital employed is way below the industry average for the company. It is 9.8% in 2009 which is very low. Although it has increased slowly to 10.83% in 2010, it is still way below the industry average of 20%. The company must try to increase this return drastically in the future by decreasing their liabilities. The company’s Return on equity measures the efficiency at generating profits from every unit of shareholder’s equity (BRIGHAM, Eugene F. and Ehrhardt, Michael C., 2010). The company’s Return on equity shows how well a company uses investment funds to generate earnings growth (CORREIA, Carlos et al., 2007). And the company’s Return on equity has increased from 2009-2010 from 5.27%-6.12% which is a very good sign but it is still on the low side. The Company’s return on the asset is neither too high nor too low. It is 8.86% in 2009 and has just increased slightly to 9.89% in 2010. Although, an increase is a good sign but the company must try and further increase this ratio in the ratio by decreasing their asset usage and to increase their net profit even further. Liquidity ratios illustrate the company’s ability to pay off obligations in the short term (CHANDRA, Prasanna, 2008). Current asset ratio and acid-test ratio are observed closely when liquidity is in question. The company is in a fairly good position in both of these parameters. The current ratio of the company has increased drastically from 1.46 in 2009 to 2.73 in 2010. In 2010 it is above the industry average of 2.5 which is a good sign for the company. It shows that a fair amount of assets are available to finance the liabilities of the company and that a company can pay off its short term liabilities quite easily. The Quick

The Importance of Working Capital Management

The Importance of Working Capital Management Working capital management defines the management in the short term of the relationship between a companys current assets and liabilities. The most common elements of working capital will include inventory, receivables and payables which represent the operating working capital (OWC) held by a company usually within a year. Fig.1 below shows the interaction between these elements of OWC. The goal of OWC management is to ensure that a company has enough cash flow, measure in terms of liquidity, to satisfy its short term debts and continue to support its day to day operations. Most articles and books discuss the significance of OWC in terms of obtaining an optimal balance between inventory, receivables and payables, McLaney E. and Atrill P., Accounting: An Introduction (Prentice Hall, 2008). Abraham et al., Accounting for Managers, (Cengage, 2008) further expatiates on this critical importance and state that most organisations invest between 25 40% of their net assets on OWC which represents a major short term investment. However, these books present a generic methodology to OWC and do not consider a firms unique nature, industries or size. Furthermore, this significance of working capital will depend on its size and composition and will vary between industries such as Rolls Royce Plc a manufacturing company will place particular attention to its high inventory levels and payables unlike British Airways Plc a service provider with no inventory. Thomas M. Krueger, An Analysis of Working Capital Management Results Across Industries, American Journal of Business, 2005, vol 20 presented a research based on the annual ratings of working capital management across industries published in CFO magazine. The result indicated that there was a consistency in working capital measures within industries but the working capital measures were are not static over time. In an online article Philip McCoster (2003), Accountancy: The Importance of Working Capital, (http://www.accountancy.com.pk/articles_students.asp?id=77).[Online].(Accessed 28/03/11) agrees with this dynamic nature of working capital and highlights this importance in more subtle way that most organisations are profitable on paper but are forced to cease trading because they cannot meet short term debts. According to him, small businesses in particular are prone to fail especially during start up bec ause they ignore the importance of working capital problems. Generally the importance of working capital is indisputable and whether its elements are managed as a whole or individual, its management is still important in order for an organisation to effectively manage its cash flow to continue operation. But while this is most said in papers, it seems rather paradixocal that in reality the importance OWC is ignore and most companies find themselves at the point of bankruptcy as was the case in the winning margin game. As a production manager in the Winning Margin game, I realised that the decisions I made especially in forecasting and managing machines output was very critical to the overall amount of finished goods inventory needed to achieve a positive OWC. This was clearly depicted in year two when two critical decisions; Forecasted a total production output of 11 costing $40 (appendix: Production and Sales Plans For The Year Ahead). Purchase of two additional Mark II machines (See appendix: Balance Sheet) This resulted to an increase in the amount of inventory to contracted amount although some inventory was tied up in Work in Progress and Finished goods leading to a drop in operating working capital (Year 2 Cash Flow Statement). Furthermore, the cash spent on new machines also led to a drop in the operating cash flow of the business. Therefore, in real life the production manager role is strategic and has a big impact on working capital and the overall business objective but his/her decisions can only be as effective when taken in collaboration with other departmental heads. 2.2 BUDGETING McLaney E and Atrill P., Accounting: An Introduction (Prentice Hall, 2008) defined a budget as a short term financial plan prepared by a business as an integral part of its strategic plan framework. A budget is use by managers to examine and compare between the actual to what was planned in a process known as the budget control. By using this technique, Group E benefited from the budgetary process in many ways: Forward thinking and identification of short-term problems: During the planning process of year 2, we realised that we had to budget for additional machine as well as additional loans. Doing this in good time gave us time to consider alternatives and chose the best course of action to take. Improved co-ordination: Doing planning each year meant we had to co-ordinate with each other. This was crucially beneficial because it improved visibility and decisions making as all activities were linked together. For example, decisions on production depended on sales estimates, raw material availability and funding to finance it. It provided a system of Control: At the beginning of each year, we had to compare year 1 and 2 performance and established areas of concerned. This provided a system of control and better planning for year 3. It created a system of authorisation: By deciding on a master plan of action for each year, this helped set expenditure limits especially as I, the production manager, wanted to increase amount of machine purchased in year 2 but was restricted. The budget motivated us to perform better: By establishing responsibilities to each member of the group, was beneficial to the whole team as each members felt they had contributed to the overall business objectives. Hence improving the teams spirit to perform. 2.3 Absorption Costing Absorption costing is a method of calculating the full output cost by charging direct costs with a fair share of indirect costs. The essence of absorption costing is to make costing simpler and easier so that management can make informed decisions. In the Winning Margin game, the use of this technique was beneficial to our group in several ways: Helpful in making output decisions: Absorption costing technique made calculating planned sales easier and as a team we were able to make informed decisions on production and cash flow. Exercising control decision: absorption costing is often used as a basis of budgeting and budget control. Therefore, it was beneficial to the team as it formed the basis of our budget and we were able to exercise control over our budget and plans Furthermore, the technique was particular useful to achieve efficiency since we were able to make decisions that compares alternative costs of doing similar things. For example we compared the costs of buying a Marked II or Mark III machine in year 2 as well as deciding between the various types of product to produce. In addition to this, absorption costing technique was significant as we were able to assess our teams performance. Its use made calculating yearly production cost, sales, profit and other financial data easier. This made facilitated the process of assessing our business and team performance for any given year. Although widely practiced, in real life the use of absorption costing technique will not be as simplistic as in the game. Moreover, the technique has been criticised for its use of past costs which are considered irrelevant in the decision making process as decisions need to reflect the future not the past. Other costing techniques such as variable costing are recommended. (Words 300)

Natural Born Killers Essay -- Film Review, Classic, Oliver Stone

Oliver Stone’s 1994 classic, Natural Born Killers, excited and traumatized its audiences while also causing controversy. The tale of white trash lovers caught up in a realm of chaos that includes a continuous murderous rampage from state to state, draws in audiences with its graphic violence and riveting pulse inducing music. Yet, the message of this film seems to be much deeper than just exposing audiences to yet another chaotic action movie filled with guns, blood and mayhem. Stone’s Natural Born Killers examines the subject of media’s investment in serial murder very thoroughly, and so it seems likely that it has the potential to offer a more rigorous interrogation of the nature of the American public’s fascination with the serial killer superstar (Schmid 123). Natural Born Killers is a film that exposes modern society’s obsession with serial killers and how the media aids in the glorifying of these notorious icons. The film also plays into the f act that society while finding murder repulsive are just as sick as the serial killers because the enjoy watching such films. In Natural Born Killers, Mickey and Mallory the main characters kill 52 people before being caught and imprisoned. Prior to the arrest, the manhunt for them has gained them celebrity and half of the country if not the world are rooting for their triumphant escape form the law. Though their clean getaway is shattered by imprisonment their celebrity persists. When they do break out of prison, in the midst of a riot, their escape is filmed live by the host of a true-crime program. Naturally Born Killers gets most of its message across visually as all films do. By making use of animation, colored filters, a variety of different types of film stock, in both col... ... the satisfaction of a dual and related curiosity on the part of the spectator about celebrities and killers, but this satisfaction can come about only if these films can discipline effectively the unstable structures of identification they generate (Shmid 113). While it seems that Oliver Stone’s mission is to bring a satirical eye-opener to the its audience while exploring an underlying theme of obsession with murder, the audience looks their own inner demons, while examining their own morals as well. And just as an obsession with murder would exude, it has been found that Natural Born Killers has been implicated in 15 murder cases, with the most infamous being the murders of four people in Paris by Florence Ray and Audry Maupin, and in the United States the killing of William Savage and injury of Patsy Ann Byers by Sarah Edmondson and Benjamin Darras (Young 6). Natural Born Killers Essay -- Film Review, Classic, Oliver Stone Oliver Stone’s 1994 classic, Natural Born Killers, excited and traumatized its audiences while also causing controversy. The tale of white trash lovers caught up in a realm of chaos that includes a continuous murderous rampage from state to state, draws in audiences with its graphic violence and riveting pulse inducing music. Yet, the message of this film seems to be much deeper than just exposing audiences to yet another chaotic action movie filled with guns, blood and mayhem. Stone’s Natural Born Killers examines the subject of media’s investment in serial murder very thoroughly, and so it seems likely that it has the potential to offer a more rigorous interrogation of the nature of the American public’s fascination with the serial killer superstar (Schmid 123). Natural Born Killers is a film that exposes modern society’s obsession with serial killers and how the media aids in the glorifying of these notorious icons. The film also plays into the f act that society while finding murder repulsive are just as sick as the serial killers because the enjoy watching such films. In Natural Born Killers, Mickey and Mallory the main characters kill 52 people before being caught and imprisoned. Prior to the arrest, the manhunt for them has gained them celebrity and half of the country if not the world are rooting for their triumphant escape form the law. Though their clean getaway is shattered by imprisonment their celebrity persists. When they do break out of prison, in the midst of a riot, their escape is filmed live by the host of a true-crime program. Naturally Born Killers gets most of its message across visually as all films do. By making use of animation, colored filters, a variety of different types of film stock, in both col... ... the satisfaction of a dual and related curiosity on the part of the spectator about celebrities and killers, but this satisfaction can come about only if these films can discipline effectively the unstable structures of identification they generate (Shmid 113). While it seems that Oliver Stone’s mission is to bring a satirical eye-opener to the its audience while exploring an underlying theme of obsession with murder, the audience looks their own inner demons, while examining their own morals as well. And just as an obsession with murder would exude, it has been found that Natural Born Killers has been implicated in 15 murder cases, with the most infamous being the murders of four people in Paris by Florence Ray and Audry Maupin, and in the United States the killing of William Savage and injury of Patsy Ann Byers by Sarah Edmondson and Benjamin Darras (Young 6).

Effect of Unethical Behavior Essay

The Securities and Exchange Commission was created in 1934 to police the U. S. financial markets. Today, the Securities and Exchange Commission continues to create legislation tightening reporting standards and providing more transparency. Unfortunately, increasing standards often comes after a failure of the system. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is a primary example of legislation following financial market failure. Sarbanes-Oxley influenced public businesses through transformation of the financial system. The July 2002 enactment of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, co-authored by U. S. Sen. Paul Sarbanes of Maryland and U.  S. Rep. Michael Oxley of Ohio, followed a series of large public company failures that included Enron, Tyco and WorldCom. Sarbanes-Oxley addressed investor confidence and fraud through reform of the public company reporting standards. However, much damage in the market occurred with the collapse of several major companies between 2002 and 2004. (smallbusiness. chron. com). The impact of unethical behavior is known by many companies, and have done damage to individuals, and businesses as well. The results of unethical behavior on a large scale would be the Enron, Tyco, and Global Crossing, or WorldCom. Greediness led to accounting unethical promises, and with that certain individuals became the ones who had told on their companies. Falsifying financial reports is dishonest and unethical because the financial records are supposed to show financial results of a business, and how it is growing. When accountants or managers lie about the revenue and cash flow it misleads prospective investors, stockholders, employees, and the U. S. government. So many billions of dollars have been hidden in the paperwork, and financial statements. If I had found inconsistencies in the financial statements where I worked I would have to go through the chain of command to let them know of what I have found and if there was nothing done then I would then think about going outside to tell someone so I could cover myself. Unethical behavior led to the end of Enron, and the other companies, and to financial issues for many individuals all over the United States. As a result of the unethical behavior of several companies there is now the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. All companies, must comply with the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act set guidelines for ethical accounting practices.

Mercantilism and the Physiocracy

Individual economic activity was less controlled by the custom and tradition of the feudal society and the authority of the church. Production of goods for market became more important and land, labor and capital began to be bought and sold in markets. This laid the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution in the second part in the 18th century. However, we have to remember, that still we are talking about pre-industrial world, where agriculture is the most important sector of the economy.During this period from 16th to the half of 18th century, economic thinking developed from simple applications of ideas about individuals, households and producers to a more complicated view of the economy as a system with laws and interrelationships of its own. Mercantilism. Mercantilism is the name given to the economic literature and practice in Europe of the period between 1500 and 1750. Although mercantilist literature was produced in all the developing economies of Western Europe (and I should add some Eastern European, for example in Poland, economies too), the most significant contributions were made by the English and the French.Whereas the economic literature of scholasticism was written by medieval churchmen, the economic theory of mercantilism was the work of secular people, mostly merchant businessmen, who were privately engaged in selling and buying goods. The literature they produced focused on questions of economic policy and was usually related to a particular interest the merchant and writer (in one person) was trying to promote. For this reason, there was often considerable skepticism regarding the analytical merits of particular arguments and the validity of their conclusions.Few authors could claim to be sufficiently detached from their private issues and offer objective economic analysis. However, throughout the mercantilism, both the quantity (there were over 2000 economic works published in 16th and 17th century) and quality of economic literature grew. The mercantilist literature from 1650 to 1750 was of distinctly higher quality, these writers created or touched on nearly all analytical concept on which Adam Smith based his Wealth of Nations, which was published in 1776.The age of mercantilism has been characterized as one in which every person was his own economist. Since the various writers between 1500 and 1750 held very diverse views, it is difficult to generalize about the resulting literature. Furthermore, each writer tended to concentrate on one topic, and no single writer was able to synthesize these contributions impressively enough to influence the subsequent evelopment of economic theory. Secondly, mercantilism can best be understood as an intellectual reaction to the problems of the times.In this period of the decline of feudalism and the rise of the nation-states, the mercantilists tried to determine the best policies for promoting the power and wealth of the nation, the policies that would best consolidate and incr ease the power and prosperity of the developing economies. What is especially important here is the mercantilistic assumption that the total wealth of the world was fixed and constant. These writers applied the assumption to rade between nations, concluding that any increase in the wealth and economic power of one nation occurred at the expense of other nations (the rest of the world).Thus, the mercantilists emphasized international trade as a mean of increasing the wealth and power of a nation. Using some modern game-theoretic language, we may say, that they perceived economic activity and international trade in particular as a zero-sum game, that is a game, where it is impossible for both players to win (In a two-person zero-sum game, the payoff to one player is the negative of that going to the other player). So according to mercantilists, it is impossible to increase a global wealth of the world in effect of international trade.It is a very sad assumption, and modern economists do not snare it. The goal of economic activity, according to most mercantilists, was production, not consumption, as classical economists would later have it. They advocated increasing the nation's wealth by simultaneously encouraging production, increasing exports and holding down domestic consumption. Thus, in practice, the wealth of nation rested on the poverty of the many members of society. One again, they advocated igh level of production, high level of export and low domestic consumption.

Respiration Lab Report Essays

Respiration Lab Report Essays Respiration Lab Report Essay Respiration Lab Report Essay All organisms need to breath. They have pathways that are organic molecules and capture In their TAP. Some of these organisms need oxygen to do this but not all of them require It. Organic carbon molecules are the energy source, and for waste Is carbon doodle (CO) and water (H2O). CO can combine with water to form carbonic acid during cellular respiration. Phenolphthalein can be used to help detect any changes in pH because of production of CO during cellular respiration. Phenolphthalein usually appears clear or colorless in acidic solutions, and red in basic solutions. Procedures: In the first lab, seven test tubes were attained and six of them were filled with the solutions that were listed (An Private, Mages, Naif, Glucose, Water, and yeast suspension). The last test tube was filled with water. After they were filled with the solutions they were Incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for about forty minutes. After the forty minutes passed take the test tubes and measure the height of the bubbles that formed in millimeters. For the second lab, attain three beakers, and fill them each with 75 ml of the culture solution provided. Obtain the three organisms (fish and elodea) one beaker will be used as a control beaker. Obtain the volume of each organism by filling a graduated cylinder with 25 ml of water and noting if there is an increase in volume above the 25 ml line. Record volumes in table. After placing the organisms in their proper beakers cover each beaker with plastic film or Petri dish. Cover the beaker containing the elodea with a coffee can or aluminum. Allow them to respire for about fifteen minutes. After fifteen minutes remove the organisms from the beakers and return them to their Orlando bowls. Add four drops of phenolphthalein to each beaker. Obtain a burette and add Noah drop by drop. MIX the contents thoroughly. Record amount of Noah in millimeters on the table. How much phenolphthalein was required to make the solutions turn pink. Do this for all beakers. Results: In the first lab we had four of the seven test tubes produce carbon dioxide. Test tubes one, four, and seven did not produce carbon dioxide. Test tubes two, three, five and six produced carbon dioxide. For lab two, the fish and the elodea produced the same amount of respirations, or respired at the same rate. The amount of Noah to reach the end point was different, the first beaker was twelve ml above that of the control beaker and the second beaker was four ml below the control beaker. Respiration Rate per ml Beaker 1: Fish ml 40 ml Beaker 2: Elodea 1 ml 28 ml 4 ml 4 ml Control Beakers 32 ml O O Discussion: 8 ml 8 ml The biggest source of error in this experiment was contamination in both experiments done. In the first it could have been that the beakers were not properly washed resulting in old solutions being left in them and being mixed with the new solutions. This could have caused the CO appearing when it should not have showed up or Just not showing up at the end. In the second experiment, having the phenolphthalein or the Noah being contaminated. This could have caused the end mint to be more or less than what it should have been. Another source of error could have been not allowing the experiments sit for the allotted time needed for the experiment to be completely finished. Conclusion: The purpose of these experiments I believe was accomplished, in the first lab CO was produced in most of the test tubes. In the second experiment, the CO was produced through respiration from the two specimen. This experiment helps with the everyday life because everybody breathes and produces CO and this helps have a clear understanding at the different ways it is produced.

A Journal Report of the Asia-Pacific Business Region(APBR) and the Essay - 1

A Journal Report of the Asia-Pacific Business Region(APBR) and the analysis of countries in APBR - Essay Example Military rulers are not given to granting favors to democratically elected governments: China needs energy from Australia at least as much as this southern continent values the business value of this trade. Similarly, Chinese producers, with their great penchant for achieving rapid top-line growth, are under greater pressures to hold their shares of Australian demand for their goods, than the domestic compulsion to reign in inflation ‘down under’. Australia’s special relationship with the United States in this connection, should also serve to protect ideological integrity. Many goods produced in China depend on American branding, and it is therefore premature to conclude that courtesy to a visiting spiritual leader would blow the lid off inflation in Australia! The politics of democracy is so fundamentally different from the tyranny of military dictatorship that economic relationships between countries and blocs which follow one or the other extremes of representation of their respective citizens that trade links should strictly adhere to the principles of professional business management. The industrial, commercial, and financial fronts of Australia (Nolan, 1996), the United States, and other like-minded countries are of dimensions which Beijing can neither deny nor sacrifice at the alter of its maniacal annexation of Lhasa. The amazing and dominating growth of trade between Japan and Australia, to which Appendix 1 refers, has occurred specifically during an age when democracy has replaced an executive monarchy in that country. The autonomy which the Dalai Lama seeks within the embrace of Chinese national union is an excellent model for many agrarian communities in ruled by the Beijing of today. Just as the Balkanization of the erstwhile Soviet bloc has helped rather than hurt the economy of the United States, so the extension of freedom throughout the APBR makes excellent business sense for Australia. The Parliamentary rebuff

Employee Privacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employee Privacy - Research Paper Example It is also reasonable from an employer’s perspective to keep track of their employees if there is lack in quality of work. This research paper focuses on the current issues related to off-duty conduct and its effects on the privacy of employees. Employers have the technological means to find out, what workers do in their own time. However, the right to monitor employees’ personal conduct is limited based on the employees’ rights under law and specific rules. Under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), an employer is not supposed to conduct any kind of surveillance on employees during any gatherings off-duty1. If employees discuss about their workspace and their job related issues in union activities, it should not be made public by employers. Instead employers should keep away from social activities of employees if it is out of their interest. According to law, if an employer sends a supervisor to overhear on group discussions or private meetings then he is violating the rules set up by the NLRA. Similarly, the guidelines set by NLRA also states that Drug Testing should only be performed if any suspicious activity is recorded during working hours. NLRA states that drug testing has the potential to reveal an employee’s use of drug outside the office so it has been subjected to private litigation. The employers may face challenges on this stand because there are many employees who do-not perform their work properly. There may be several reasons behind it, including consumption of drugs before working hours. The employees may not react or let employers know that they are biased by drugs and employers many have to accept the low quality performance of employees. The Drug Testing in most of the organizations is conducted before joining of an employee or during any suspicious cases. For Example, if an applicant failed to pass the drug test in